1. Tomato Club Songs, Mississippi State University Agricultural Narrative and Statistical Reports from State Officers, Microfilm Rolls 1–2, 1909–1917, Special Collections, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi.
2. Few topics were beneath Knapp’s notice: his ideas of efficiency in rural life ranged from better seeds to crop rotation to window screens to egg warmers to fences. See Joseph Cannon Bailey, Seaman A. Knapp: Schoolmaster of American Agriculture (New York: Columbia University Press, 1945); Marie Samuella Cromer, “Miss Cromer’s Address,” Newspaper clipping, n.d., Scrapbook, Marie Samuella Cromer Papers, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (hereafter Cromer Papers).
3. Clipping, Oklahoma Farmer, August 25, 1915, Conceit Book, 1915–1930, P.C. 234.23, Jane S. McKimmon Papers, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina (hereafter McKimmon Papers).
4. On the expansion of the demonstration work, see Franklin M. Reck, The 4-H Story: A History of 4-H Club Work (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1951) and Mary Creswell, “The Home Demonstration Work,” in “New Possibilities in Education,” special issue, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 67 (September 1916): 244–49. See also Lynne A. Rieff, “‘Go Ahead and Do All You Can’: Southern Progressives and Alabama Home Demonstration Clubs, 1914–1940” in Hidden Histories of Women in the New South, ed. Virginia Bernhard et al. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1994), 134–52; on African Americans and demonstration, see Debra Reid, Reaping a Greater Harvest: African Americans, the Extension Service, and Rural Reform in Jim Crow Texas (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007); on Powell, see Danny Moore, “‘To Make the Best Better’: The Establishment of Girls’ Tomato Clubs in Mississippi, 1911–1915,” Journal of Mississippi History 63, no. 2 (2001): 115–18; on McKimmon, see Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896–1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 196–99.
5. Green ‘N’ Growing, Cromer, “The Tomato Girls,” newspaper clipping (handwritten date, October 10, 1911), Scrapbook, Cromer Papers.
6. Charlotte Yoder, “Hickory, NC,” Tomato Club Booklets, 1912–1915, P.C. 234.8, McKimmon Papers.
7. “Miss Katie Gunzer [sic], Champion,” Newspaper clipping, n.d., Scrapbook, Cromer Papers; Jane S. McKimmon, “Report of Girls’ Canning Clubs, North Carolina, Nov. 1911–Dec. 1912,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers; Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Inflation Calculator,” http://www.bls.gov , accessed September 1, 2008; McKimmon, “Annual Report 1913–1914,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers; McKimmon, “Annual Report, Dec. 1914–1915,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers; Creswell, 245; McKimmon, “Annual report, 1918–1919,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers; “A Timeline of 4-H and Home Demonstration in North Carolina: United States,”http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/greenngrowing/timeline/1910.html , accessed August 25, 2008.
8. McKimmon, When We’re Green We Grow (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1945), 30–31.
9. McKimmon quoted in Reck, 4-H Story, 86; “Uncle Sam Starts a Juvenile Class in Agriculture,” New York Times, August 4, 1912, SM13; Yoder, McKimmon Papers.
10. Yoder, McKimmon Papers; “Miss Katie Gunzer [sic], Champion,” Newspaper clipping, n.d., Scrapbook, Cromer Papers; Sadie Limer, “Warren Co., NC,” Tomato Club Booklets, 1912–1915, P.C. 234.9, McKimmon Papers; McKimmon, When We’re Green, 34; McKimmon, “Annual Report, 1915–1916,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers.
11. Sallie Jones, “Girls Canning Club,” Tomato Club Booklets, 1912–1915, P.C. 234.9, McKimmon Papers.
12. Moore, “‘To Make the Best Better,’” 111; Reck, 4-H Story, 81.
13. Cromer, “Miss Cromer’s Address,” n.d., and fragment, April 9, 1911, newspaper clippings, Scrapbook, Cromer Papers.
14. Julia F. Burwell, “Tomatoes,” Tomato Club Booklets, 1912–1915, P.C. 234.10, McKimmon Papers.
15. McKimmon, “Annual report, 1918–1919,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers; the photograph of the three Craven County girls, as well as others in this essay, is available on the Green ’N’ Growing website via keyword search, http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/greenngrowing/search.html .
16. Reck, 4-H Story, 134, 80.
17. McKimmon, When We’re Green, 137; McKimmon, “Annual Report, 1920–1921,” P.C. 234.1, McKimmon Papers.
18. Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow, 196–99; McKimmon, When We’re Green, 145.
19. Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow, 199; Lucy Wade, “My Dear Mrs. McKimmon,” January 29, 1923, Conceit Book, P.C. 234.23, McKimmon Papers.