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What Was Found

by Maura Fitzgerald

“You’ll wait in this city where they bury their dead and their Mardi Gras floats above ground. And there you’ll rest next to a bust of a Saints quarterback, the last Viking king, a painted foam Tin Man and his oversized heart. And for an epitaph, a sign on a far wall to state the »

Still Distinctive After All These Years: Trends in Racial Attitudes in and out of the South

by Peggy G. Hargis, Larry J. Griffin

“Fannie Lou Hamer, one of the genuine heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, one said, ‘So this ain’t just Mississippi’s problem. It’s America’s problem.’” The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s transformed the United States. After decades of struggle and sacrifice, it prodded the federal government to ban racial discrimination in public facilities, »

“For Us the Living” Visits to Civil Rights Museums

by Robert Hamburger

“‘When I came to, I was laying on the seat of a car and my sister was leaning over me. I thought she was crying. I could feel her warm tears spilling down on my face. But they weren’t tears. She was bleeding because someone had hit her upside the head. And the next day »

Truth, Reconciliation, and the Ku Klux Klan

by David Cunningham

“The drive for minimal justice on behalf of black people had come to this: the ordinary white people of the South . . .on the edge of a collective nervous breakdown composed in roughly equal parts of ignorance, rage, and paranoia.” On June 21, 2005, exactly forty-one years after the murder of Civil Rights workers »

Martin Luther King Jr. Streets in the South: A New Landscape of Memory

by Derek H. Alderman

“Martin Luther King Drives, Boulevards, and Avenues are important centers of African American identity, activity, and community—constituting what journalist Jonathan Tilove has called ‘Black America’s Main Street.’” Traditionally, public commemoration in the South has been devoted largely to remembering the region’s role in the Civil War and the mythic Old South plantation culture supposedly lost »

Memories of H. T. Lockard

by Elizabeth Gritter

“They had me park my car behind this house. They told me the next morning that a posse had formed downstairs in the courthouse and was going to, I guess, lynch me or whatever.” Born on June 24, 1920, Hosea T. “H. T.” Lockard attended LeMoyne College in Memphis, Tennessee, from 1940 to 1942. In »

Front Porch: Civil Rights

by Harry L. Watson

“Why do they call it ‘White Park?’” I demanded. “Why?” The Civil Rights Movement first touched my life about fifty years ago, though I scarcely knew it at the time. We were visiting my father’s sisters at the old home place in South Carolina, and were heading home from a lakeside picnic. I was old »

Alex Haley: Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1989: Angels, Legends, and Grace

by William R. Ferris

“I think in a lot of areas an almost mystic thing happened, given the backdrop. When I was a boy there was a pretty strict segregation, and it was so much the historic custom that really relatively few people even questioned it. Then came the 1960s and their challenges to the system.” Alex Haley’s legacy »

The “Golden” Era of Civil Rights: Consequences of The Carolina Israelite

by Stephen J. Whitfield

“The Carolina Israelite was a remarkable solo act, a bold effort to liberate its southern white readers from the inertia of tradition, defying the odds that anyone producing a one-man newspaper in the mid-twentieth century was very likely to be a crank.” The year 1960 was an auspicious one in southern history. Four black students »

The Obituary of Nations: Ethnic Cleansing, Memory, and the Origins of the Old South

by James Taylor Carson

“The wilderness settlers thought they were entering as in fact a landscape created and managed by the First Peoples.” In the late winter and early spring of 1830 members of the United States Congress debated a bill to enable the federal government to undertake the expulsion of thousands of people from their ancestral homes and »

Mississippi Choctaws and Racial Politics

by Katherine M.B. Osburn

“In December 1912, Mississippi representative Pat Harrison stood before Congress and delivered an impassioned speech on behalf of the Choctaw Indians living in his district. “Mr. Chairman,’ Harrison announced, ‘the Choctaw Indians have always stood with the white men of the South.’” In December 1912, Mississippi representative Pat Harrison stood before Congress and delivered an »